ESTA INFORMATION
What is ESTA?
ESTA (Electronic System for Travel Authorization) is an online travel authorisation system introduced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) for the Visa Waiver Program. Travellers from participating countries must obtain this digital authorisation before travelling to the United States.
Why ESTA exists
ESTA was introduced to strengthen the security of US borders. It allows US authorities to screen travellers before they arrive, which makes border processing more efficient and supports security under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP).
Who needs ESTA?
ESTA is required for citizens of countries that take part in the Visa Waiver Program and who do not need a visa for short stays in the United States. Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and Singapore are all Visa Waiver Program countries, so their citizens travelling for tourism, business or transit need ESTA. All Visa Waiver Program travellers must hold an electronic passport (e-passport).
Speaking English does not make you eligible. English speakers from countries outside the Visa Waiver Program (for example India, the Philippines or Nigeria) cannot use ESTA and need a US visa, usually a B1/B2 visitor visa. Check the requirements on travel.state.gov and see our page on the US B1/B2 visitor visa.
Visa Waiver Program (VWP) countries
The list of designated countries as published by the US Department of Homeland Security (checked 17 October 2026). Some countries have additional conditions; always check the current list at dhs.gov/visa-waiver-program.
Key features of ESTA
- Purpose of travel: tourism, business, medical treatment or transit
- Maximum stay: 90 days per entry
- Validity: 2 years from the date of issue (or until your passport expires, if sooner)
- Fee: US$40.62 (from 16 October 2026)
- Multiple entries while it is valid
- An electronic passport (e-passport) is required
ESTA and visas — the differences
| Criterion | ESTA | US visa |
|---|---|---|
| Cost | US$40.62 | From US$185 |
| Processing time | Usually immediate — up to 72 hours | Weeks to months |
| Maximum stay | 90 days | Depends on the visa type |
| Validity | 2 years | Depends on the visa type |
| Embassy or consulate visit | No | Yes |
Important: ESTA does not guarantee entry to the United States. The final decision on admission is made by a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer when you arrive.